{"id":10770,"date":"2026-07-13T08:00:50","date_gmt":"2026-07-13T08:00:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/riskbirbal.com\/blogs\/?p=10770"},"modified":"2026-07-13T08:00:50","modified_gmt":"2026-07-13T08:00:50","slug":"invoice-value-vs-cif-value","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/riskbirbal.com\/blogs\/invoice-value-vs-cif-value\/","title":{"rendered":"Invoice Value vs CIF Value: Choosing The Right Basis"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Imagine this: You have shipped a container of ceramic tiles from Morbi to a buyer in Nigeria. The goods are worth \u20b925 lakhs as per your invoice. But by the time the ship reaches the destination port, you have already spent another \u20b93 lakhs on freight and insurance. The ship faces rough weather, and water damages half the cargo. You file a claim with your marine insurer.<\/span><\/p>

Then comes the shocker.<\/span><\/p>

The insurer asks: “On what basis did you insure the goods\u2014invoice value or CIF value?”<\/span><\/p>

You had insured for \u20b925 lakhs (invoice value). But the loss at destination includes freight charges you already paid. Now you are short by nearly \u20b92 lakhs. You suffer a loss despite having insurance.<\/span><\/p>

This confusion between <\/span>invoice value vs CIF value<\/b> is one of the most common\u2014and costly\u2014mistakes made by Indian exporters, importers, and even logistics teams. Choosing the wrong basis can leave you underinsured or overpaying premiums.<\/span><\/span><\/p>

Let us break down both terms in simple words and help you decide which one is right for your shipment.<\/span><\/p>

What is Invoice Value?<\/b><\/span><\/p>

Invoice value<\/b> is the price mentioned on your commercial invoice. It is the amount the buyer pays you for the goods. This is your sale price or the cost of goods sold.<\/span><\/span><\/p>

For an exporter, invoice value typically includes:<\/span><\/p>

  • Cost of raw materials<\/span><\/li>
  • Manufacturing or processing cost<\/span><\/li>
  • Packing cost (for export packing, if mentioned)<\/span><\/li>
  • Profit margin<\/span><\/li>
  • Any internal taxes (though GST is zero-rated on exports)<\/span><\/li><\/ul>

    For an importer, invoice value is the amount the foreign supplier charges for the goods. It does <\/span>not<\/b> include freight, insurance, or other charges incurred after the goods leave the seller’s factory.<\/span><\/span><\/p>

    What invoice value excludes:<\/b><\/span><\/p>

    • Ocean freight or air freight<\/span><\/li>
    • Marine or transit insurance premium<\/span><\/li>
    • Customs duties and port handling charges<\/span><\/li>
    • Inland transportation to the port<\/span><\/li><\/ul>

      In short: Invoice value = cost of goods alone.<\/span><\/p>

      What is CIF Value?<\/b><\/span><\/p>

      CIF<\/b> stands for <\/span>Cost, Insurance, and Freight<\/b>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>

      CIF value is the total value of the shipment <\/span>until it reaches the destination port<\/b>. It includes everything: the cost of goods, the ocean freight charges, and the insurance premium paid to cover the transit.<\/span><\/span><\/p>

      If you are buying goods on CIF terms, the seller arranges and pays for freight and insurance up to the destination port. But even if you buy on FOB (Free on Board) terms, for insurance purposes, you may still need to calculate a “CIF value” to ensure full coverage.<\/span><\/p>

      CIF value includes:<\/b><\/span><\/p>

      • Invoice value of the goods<\/span><\/li>
      • Freight charges (from exporter’s port to importer’s port)<\/span><\/li>
      • Marine insurance premium<\/span><\/li>
      • (Sometimes) landing charges at destination, depending on policy<\/span><\/li><\/ul>

        CIF value does NOT include:<\/b><\/span><\/p>

        • Customs duty at destination<\/span><\/li>
        • Inland transport after the port<\/span><\/li>
        • GST or other local taxes<\/span><\/li><\/ul>

          Insurance companies often recommend CIF value as the <\/span>sum insured<\/b> because it covers your financial interest in the goods until they reach the buyer’s doorstep (if you add inland transit as well).<\/span><\/span><\/p>

          Invoice value vs CIF value (quick comparison)<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>

          Here is a simple comparison to see the difference at a glance:<\/span><\/p>

          Parameter<\/b><\/span><\/p><\/td>

          Invoice Value<\/b><\/span><\/p><\/td>

          CIF Value<\/b><\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

          Full form<\/b><\/span><\/p><\/td>

          Price mentioned on commercial invoice<\/span><\/p><\/td>

          Cost + Insurance + Freight<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

          What it includes<\/b><\/span><\/p><\/td>

          Only the cost of goods<\/span><\/p><\/td>

          Goods cost + freight + insurance<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

          What it excludes<\/b><\/span><\/p><\/td>

          Freight, insurance, duties<\/span><\/p><\/td>

          Customs duty, inland transport after port<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

          Who uses it<\/b><\/span><\/p><\/td>

          Buyers, sellers for payment purpose<\/span><\/p><\/td>

          Insurers, customs (for duty valuation)<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

          Risk coverage<\/b><\/span><\/p><\/td>

          Covers goods value only<\/span><\/p><\/td>

          Covers total expenditure till destination port<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

          Best for<\/b><\/span><\/p><\/td>

          Inland transit, stock inventory<\/span><\/p><\/td>

          International shipments, marine insurance<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

          Premium cost<\/b><\/span><\/p><\/td>

          Lower premium (lower sum insured)<\/span><\/p><\/td>

          Slightly higher premium (higher sum insured)<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

          Claim settlement<\/b><\/span><\/p><\/td>

          You may get less than actual loss<\/span><\/p><\/td>

          You recover full cost incurred<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>

          Where each basis is commonly used<\/b><\/span><\/p>

          Invoice value basis is used for:<\/b><\/span><\/p>

          • Inland transit insurance<\/b> (truck, train, or courier within India)<\/span><\/span><\/li>
          • Warehouse-to-warehouse coverage<\/b> where destination is within the same city<\/span><\/span><\/li>
          • Stock insurance<\/b> (goods lying in factory or godown)<\/span><\/span><\/li>
          • Export shipments sold on Ex-Works or FCA terms<\/b>, where buyer bears freight and insurance<\/span><\/span><\/li><\/ul>

            CIF value basis is used for:<\/b><\/span><\/p>

            • Import shipments<\/b> (to cover the total cost until goods reach Indian port)<\/span><\/span><\/li>
            • Export shipments sold on CIF terms<\/b> (where seller arranges freight and insurance)<\/span><\/span><\/li>
            • Marine insurance policies<\/b> where the insurer wants to cover the full risk until delivery<\/span><\/span><\/li>
            • Customs valuation<\/b> (duty is often calculated on CIF value)<\/span><\/span><\/li>
            • High-value shipments<\/b> where freight cost is significant<\/span><\/span><\/li><\/ul>

              How CIF is calculated (step-by-step example)<\/b><\/span><\/p>

              Let us see how CIF value is calculated with real numbers.<\/span><\/p>

              Step 1:<\/b><\/span> Start with invoice value<\/span>
              <\/span> Example: You are exporting textile machinery.<\/span>
              <\/span> Invoice value = \u20b910,00,000<\/span><\/span><\/p>

              Step 2:<\/b><\/span> Add Ocean freight<\/span>
              <\/span> Freight from Mundra to Lagos = \u20b91,50,000<\/span>
              <\/span> Total so far = \u20b911,50,000<\/span><\/span><\/p>

              Step 3:<\/b><\/span> Add marine insurance premium<\/span>
              <\/span> Insurance is usually charged as a percentage of CIF value.<\/span>
              <\/span> But since we do not know CIF yet, we use a formula:<\/span><\/span><\/p>

              CIF = (Invoice value + Freight) \/ (1 \u2013 Insurance rate)<\/b><\/span><\/p>

              Suppose insurance rate = 0.5% (0.005)<\/span><\/p>

              CIF = (10,00,000 + 1,50,000) \/ (1 \u2013 0.005)<\/span>
              <\/span> CIF = 11,50,000 \/ 0.995<\/span>
              <\/span> CIF = \u20b911,55,778 (rounded off)<\/span><\/span><\/p>

              Insurance premium<\/b> = CIF \u2013 (Invoice + Freight)<\/span>
              <\/span> = 11,55,778 \u2013 11,50,000 = \u20b95,778<\/span><\/span><\/p>

              So your CIF value is \u20b911.56 lakhs, while invoice value is only \u20b910 lakhs. If you insure only on invoice basis, you are underinsured by \u20b91.56 lakhs.<\/span><\/p>

              Example 1 (Invoice value basis) \u2014 show numbers + explain impact<\/b><\/span><\/p>

              Scenario:<\/b><\/span>
              <\/b> A Delhi-based exporter ships 500 cartons of readymade garments to New York.<\/span>
              <\/span> Invoice value = \u20b950,00,000<\/span>
              <\/span> Freight prepaid = \u20b94,00,000<\/span>
              <\/span> Insurance premium = \u20b96,000 (if insured on invoice value)<\/span><\/span><\/p>

              The exporter decides to insure only on <\/span>invoice value basis<\/b> (\u20b950 lakhs) to save premium.<\/span><\/span><\/p>

              Loss event:<\/b><\/span>
              <\/b> The ship catches fire. Goods worth \u20b930 lakhs are destroyed. The freight for the entire container was already paid \u20b94 lakhs.<\/span><\/span><\/p>

              Claim calculation:<\/b><\/span><\/p>

              • Insurer pays: \u20b930 lakhs (proportional to loss)<\/span><\/li>
              • But freight paid is not recoverable separately<\/span><\/li>
              • The exporter also loses the freight component on the damaged goods: approx \u20b924,000 (proportionate)<\/span><\/li><\/ul>

                Impact:<\/b><\/span>
                <\/b> Exporter recovers \u20b930 lakhs but has effectively lost \u20b930.24 lakhs (goods + freight). Out-of-pocket loss = \u20b924,000. Plus, the time and effort to follow up.<\/span><\/span><\/p>

                If insured on CIF basis (\u20b954 lakhs approx), claim would have covered the freight portion too.<\/span><\/p>

                Example 2 (CIF value basis) \u2014 show numbers + explain impact<\/b><\/span><\/p>

                Scenario:<\/b><\/span>
                <\/b> An importer in Chennai brings electronic components from Shenzhen.<\/span>
                <\/span> Invoice value = \u20b920,00,000<\/span>
                <\/span> Freight = \u20b91,20,000<\/span>
                <\/span> Insurance premium = \u20b910,600 (approx, at 0.5% on CIF)<\/span>
                <\/span> CIF value = \u20b921,30,600<\/span><\/span><\/p>

                The importer insures the shipment for \u20b921.30 lakhs (CIF basis).<\/span><\/p>

                Loss event:<\/b><\/span>
                <\/b> Container falls during loading at Hong Kong transshipment port. Total loss: \u20b921.30 lakhs.<\/span><\/span><\/p>

                Claim calculation:<\/b><\/span><\/p>

                • Insurer pays full CIF value: \u20b921,30,600<\/span><\/li>
                • Importer recovers cost of goods + freight already paid + insurance premium<\/span><\/li><\/ul>

                  Impact:<\/b><\/span>
                  <\/b> Importer can immediately re-order fresh stock without bearing any loss. No dispute about “what value to pay.” The claim is settled smoothly because the sum insured matched the actual financial exposure.<\/span><\/span><\/p>

                  Common mistakes businesses make while selecting the basis<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>

                  1. Assuming invoice value is enough for exports<\/b>
                    <\/b> Many exporters forget that freight and insurance are actual costs. If goods are lost, those costs are gone too.<\/span><\/span><\/li>
                  2. Ignoring freight when buying on FOB terms<\/b>
                    <\/b> Even if buyer pays freight, the seller\u2019s risk continues until goods are loaded. Insuring only invoice value leaves a gap.<\/span><\/span><\/li>
                  3. Mixing up CIF with customs value<\/b>
                    <\/b> Customs uses CIF for duty, but insurance CIF may need to include inland transit as well. Don\u2019t blindly copy customs value.<\/span><\/span><\/li>
                  4. Not declaring freight correctly<\/b>
                    <\/b> Some businesses undervalue freight to save premium. At claim time, insurer pays only on declared value.<\/span><\/span><\/li>
                  5. Using same basis for all shipments<\/b>
                    <\/b> A standard policy for all destinations may not work. High-freight routes need CIF basis more urgently.<\/span><\/span><\/li>
                  6. Forgetting currency fluctuations<\/b>
                    <\/b> If invoice is in USD but premium is paid in INR, the sum insured should consider exchange rate changes.<\/span><\/span><\/li>
                  7. Not updating sum insured when freight rates rise<\/b>
                    <\/b> Freight rates have shot up in recent years. If your policy is old, your CIF value may be outdated.<\/span><\/span><\/li><\/ol>

                    Choosing the right basis \u2014 Decision checklist<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>

                    5-point checklist before you decide:<\/b><\/span><\/p>

                    1. Who bears the freight cost?<\/b>
                      <\/b> If you pay freight (even partially), consider CIF basis.<\/span><\/span><\/li>
                    2. Where does your risk end?<\/b>
                      <\/b> If risk ends at factory gate \u2192 invoice value. If risk ends at destination port \u2192 CIF basis.<\/span><\/span><\/li>
                    3. What does your policy say?<\/b>
                      <\/b> Read the “sum insured” clause. Some policies automatically include freight, others don’t.<\/span><\/span><\/li>
                    4. Is freight a significant percentage?<\/b>
                      <\/b> If freight is more than 5\u201310% of invoice value, CIF basis is safer.<\/span><\/span><\/li>
                    5. Are you claiming taxes or duties?<\/b>
                      <\/b> If you want to recover duties paid (in some cases), you may need a higher basis.<\/span><\/span><\/li><\/ol>

                      Quick decision guide:<\/b><\/span><\/p>

                      If this is your situation<\/b><\/span><\/p><\/td>

                      Choose this basis<\/b><\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

                      Goods moving by truck within India, own factory to own go down<\/span><\/p><\/td>

                      Invoice value<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

                      Export shipment on Ex-Works terms, buyer arranges freight<\/span><\/p><\/td>

                      Invoice value<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

                      Stock lying in warehouse for domestic sale<\/span><\/p><\/td>

                      Invoice value<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

                      Import shipment from China \/ USA \/ Europe<\/span><\/p><\/td>

                      CIF value<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

                      Export shipment on CIF terms (you arrange freight)<\/span><\/p><\/td>

                      CIF value<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

                      High-value machinery with heavy freight component<\/span><\/p><\/td>

                      CIF value<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

                      Perishable goods where freight is high<\/span><\/p><\/td>

                      CIF value<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

                      First-time exporter unsure of buyer’s reliability<\/span><\/p><\/td>

                      CIF value (to be safe)<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>

                      Quick summary (5 bullet takeaways)<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/b><\/p>

                      • Invoice value<\/b> = price of goods only.<\/span><\/span><\/li>
                      • CIF value<\/b> = goods cost + freight + insurance.<\/span><\/span><\/li>
                      • Insuring on invoice value may leave you underinsured for freight and insurance costs.<\/span><\/li>
                      • CIF basis is strongly recommended for international shipments, especially imports.<\/span><\/li>
                      • Always declare correct freight amounts to your insurer\u2014hiding freight to save premium backfires at claim time.<\/span><\/li><\/ul>

                        FAQs<\/b><\/span><\/p>

                        Q1. What is the difference between invoice value and CIF value?<\/b><\/span>
                        <\/b> Invoice value is the cost of goods alone. CIF value adds freight and insurance costs to the invoice value.<\/span><\/span><\/p>

                        Q2. Which basis is better for marine insurance\u2014invoice or CIF?<\/b><\/span>
                        <\/b> For international shipments, CIF value is better because it covers your total expenditure till the destination port.<\/span><\/span><\/p>

                        Q3. Can I ensure my export shipment on invoice value if freight is prepaid?<\/b><\/span>
                        <\/b> You can, but if goods are lost, you will not recover the freight amount you already paid. CIF basis is safer.<\/span><\/span><\/p>

                        Q4. Is CIF value the same as insured value?<\/b><\/span>
                        <\/b> Insured value can be CIF value or CIF plus a percentage (like 10% for expected profit). Check with your insurer.<\/span><\/span><\/p>

                        Q5. Does customs duty affect CIF value?<\/b><\/span>
                        <\/b> Customs duty is calculated on CIF value, but duty itself is not included in the CIF value for insurance.<\/span><\/span><\/p>

                        Q6. What is CIF value calculation formula?<\/b><\/span>
                        <\/b> CIF = (Invoice value + Freight) \/ (1 \u2013 Insurance rate). The insurance rate is usually a small percentage (0.1% to 0.5%).<\/span><\/span><\/p>

                        Q7. For inland transit insurance, which basis should I use?<\/b><\/span>
                        <\/b> For movement within India, invoice value is usually sufficient, unless freight is very high and you want to cover it.<\/span><\/span><\/p>

                        Conclusion<\/b><\/span><\/p>

                        Choosing between <\/span>invoice value vs CIF value<\/b> is not just a technical detail\u2014it directly impacts your claim settlement. If you underinsure, you lose money. If you over insure without reason, you pay higher premiums. The key is to match the sum insured with your actual risk exposure.<\/span><\/span><\/p>

                        For international shipments, CIF value is the safer, more comprehensive choice. For domestic movements, invoice value may suffice. But every business is different. Talk to your insurance broker or logistics partner and review your policies at least once a year.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                        Imagine this: You have shipped a container of ceramic tiles from Morbi to a buyer in Nigeria. The goods are worth \u20b925 lakhs as per your invoice. But by the time the ship reaches the destination port, you have already spent another \u20b93 lakhs on freight and insurance. The ship faces rough weather, and water damages half the cargo. You file a claim with your marine insurer. Then comes the shocker. The insurer asks: “On what basis did you insure the goods\u2014invoice value or CIF value?” You had insured for \u20b925 lakhs (invoice value). But the loss at destination includes freight charges you already paid. Now you are short by nearly \u20b92 lakhs. You suffer a loss despite having insurance. This confusion between invoice value vs CIF value is one of the most common\u2014and costly\u2014mistakes made by Indian exporters, importers, and even logistics teams. Choosing the wrong basis can leave you underinsured or overpaying premiums. Let us break down both terms in simple words and help you decide which one is right for your shipment. What is Invoice Value? Invoice value is the price mentioned on your commercial invoice. It is the amount the buyer pays you for the goods. This is your sale price or the cost of goods sold. For an exporter, invoice value typically includes: Cost of raw materials Manufacturing or processing cost Packing cost (for export packing, if mentioned) Profit margin Any internal taxes (though GST is zero-rated on exports) For an importer, invoice value is the amount the foreign supplier charges for the goods. It does not include freight, insurance, or other charges incurred after the goods leave the seller’s factory. What invoice value excludes: Ocean freight or air freight Marine or transit insurance premium Customs duties and port handling charges Inland transportation to the port In short: Invoice value = cost of goods alone. What is CIF Value? CIF stands for Cost, Insurance, and Freight. CIF value is the total value of the shipment until it reaches the destination port. It includes everything: the cost of goods, the ocean freight charges, and the insurance premium paid to cover the transit. If you are buying goods on CIF terms, the seller arranges and pays for freight and insurance up to the destination port. But even if you buy on FOB (Free on Board) terms, for insurance purposes, you may still need to calculate a “CIF value” to ensure full coverage. CIF value includes: Invoice value of the goods Freight charges (from exporter’s port to importer’s port) Marine insurance premium (Sometimes) landing charges at destination, depending on policy CIF value does NOT include: Customs duty at destination Inland transport after the port GST or other local taxes Insurance companies often recommend CIF value as the sum insured because it covers your financial interest in the goods until they reach the buyer’s doorstep (if you add inland transit as well). Invoice value vs CIF value (quick comparison) Here is a simple comparison to see the difference at a glance: Parameter Invoice Value CIF Value Full form Price mentioned on commercial invoice Cost + Insurance + Freight What it includes Only the cost of goods Goods cost + freight + insurance What it excludes Freight, insurance, duties Customs duty, inland transport after port Who uses it Buyers, sellers for payment purpose Insurers, customs (for duty valuation) Risk coverage Covers goods value only Covers total expenditure till destination port Best for Inland transit, stock inventory International shipments, marine insurance Premium cost Lower premium (lower sum insured) Slightly higher premium (higher sum insured) Claim settlement You may get less than actual loss You recover full cost incurred Where each basis is commonly used Invoice value basis is used for: Inland transit insurance (truck, train, or courier within India) Warehouse-to-warehouse coverage where destination is within the same city Stock insurance (goods lying in factory or godown) Export shipments sold on Ex-Works or FCA terms, where buyer bears freight and insurance CIF value basis is used for: Import shipments (to cover the total cost until goods reach Indian port) Export shipments sold on CIF terms (where seller arranges freight and insurance) Marine insurance policies where the insurer wants to cover the full risk until delivery Customs valuation (duty is often calculated on CIF value) High-value shipments where freight cost is significant How CIF is calculated (step-by-step example) Let us see how CIF value is calculated with real numbers. Step 1: Start with invoice value Example: You are exporting textile machinery. Invoice value = \u20b910,00,000 Step 2: Add Ocean freight Freight from Mundra to Lagos = \u20b91,50,000 Total so far = \u20b911,50,000 Step 3: Add marine insurance premium Insurance is usually charged as a percentage of CIF value. But since we do not know CIF yet, we use a formula: CIF = (Invoice value + Freight) \/ (1 \u2013 Insurance rate) Suppose insurance rate = 0.5% (0.005) CIF = (10,00,000 + 1,50,000) \/ (1 \u2013 0.005) CIF = 11,50,000 \/ 0.995 CIF = \u20b911,55,778 (rounded off) Insurance premium = CIF \u2013 (Invoice + Freight) = 11,55,778 \u2013 11,50,000 = \u20b95,778 So your CIF value is \u20b911.56 lakhs, while invoice value is only \u20b910 lakhs. If you insure only on invoice basis, you are underinsured by \u20b91.56 lakhs. Example 1 (Invoice value basis) \u2014 show numbers + explain impact Scenario: A Delhi-based exporter ships 500 cartons of readymade garments to New York. Invoice value = \u20b950,00,000 Freight prepaid = \u20b94,00,000 Insurance premium = \u20b96,000 (if insured on invoice value) The exporter decides to insure only on invoice value basis (\u20b950 lakhs) to save premium. Loss event: The ship catches fire. Goods worth \u20b930 lakhs are destroyed. The freight for the entire container was already paid \u20b94 lakhs. Claim calculation: Insurer pays: \u20b930 lakhs (proportional to loss) But freight paid is not recoverable separately The exporter also loses the freight component on the damaged goods: approx \u20b924,000 (proportionate) Impact: Exporter recovers \u20b930 lakhs but has effectively lost \u20b930.24 lakhs (goods + freight). Out-of-pocket loss<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10770","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"\nInvoice Value vs CIF Value: Choosing The Right Basis - Riskbirbal Insurance Brokers Private Limited<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/riskbirbal.com\/blogs\/invoice-value-vs-cif-value\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Invoice Value vs CIF Value: Choosing The Right Basis - Riskbirbal Insurance Brokers Private Limited\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Imagine this: You have shipped a container of ceramic tiles from Morbi to a buyer in Nigeria. The goods are worth \u20b925 lakhs as per your invoice. But by the time the ship reaches the destination port, you have already spent another \u20b93 lakhs on freight and insurance. The ship faces rough weather, and water damages half the cargo. You file a claim with your marine insurer. Then comes the shocker. The insurer asks: “On what basis did you insure the goods\u2014invoice value or CIF value?” You had insured for \u20b925 lakhs (invoice value). But the loss at destination includes freight charges you already paid. Now you are short by nearly \u20b92 lakhs. You suffer a loss despite having insurance. This confusion between invoice value vs CIF value is one of the most common\u2014and costly\u2014mistakes made by Indian exporters, importers, and even logistics teams. Choosing the wrong basis can leave you underinsured or overpaying premiums. Let us break down both terms in simple words and help you decide which one is right for your shipment. What is Invoice Value? Invoice value is the price mentioned on your commercial invoice. It is the amount the buyer pays you for the goods. This is your sale price or the cost of goods sold. For an exporter, invoice value typically includes: Cost of raw materials Manufacturing or processing cost Packing cost (for export packing, if mentioned) Profit margin Any internal taxes (though GST is zero-rated on exports) For an importer, invoice value is the amount the foreign supplier charges for the goods. It does not include freight, insurance, or other charges incurred after the goods leave the seller’s factory. What invoice value excludes: Ocean freight or air freight Marine or transit insurance premium Customs duties and port handling charges Inland transportation to the port In short: Invoice value = cost of goods alone. What is CIF Value? CIF stands for Cost, Insurance, and Freight. CIF value is the total value of the shipment until it reaches the destination port. It includes everything: the cost of goods, the ocean freight charges, and the insurance premium paid to cover the transit. If you are buying goods on CIF terms, the seller arranges and pays for freight and insurance up to the destination port. But even if you buy on FOB (Free on Board) terms, for insurance purposes, you may still need to calculate a “CIF value” to ensure full coverage. CIF value includes: Invoice value of the goods Freight charges (from exporter’s port to importer’s port) Marine insurance premium (Sometimes) landing charges at destination, depending on policy CIF value does NOT include: Customs duty at destination Inland transport after the port GST or other local taxes Insurance companies often recommend CIF value as the sum insured because it covers your financial interest in the goods until they reach the buyer’s doorstep (if you add inland transit as well). Invoice value vs CIF value (quick comparison) Here is a simple comparison to see the difference at a glance: Parameter Invoice Value CIF Value Full form Price mentioned on commercial invoice Cost + Insurance + Freight What it includes Only the cost of goods Goods cost + freight + insurance What it excludes Freight, insurance, duties Customs duty, inland transport after port Who uses it Buyers, sellers for payment purpose Insurers, customs (for duty valuation) Risk coverage Covers goods value only Covers total expenditure till destination port Best for Inland transit, stock inventory International shipments, marine insurance Premium cost Lower premium (lower sum insured) Slightly higher premium (higher sum insured) Claim settlement You may get less than actual loss You recover full cost incurred Where each basis is commonly used Invoice value basis is used for: Inland transit insurance (truck, train, or courier within India) Warehouse-to-warehouse coverage where destination is within the same city Stock insurance (goods lying in factory or godown) Export shipments sold on Ex-Works or FCA terms, where buyer bears freight and insurance CIF value basis is used for: Import shipments (to cover the total cost until goods reach Indian port) Export shipments sold on CIF terms (where seller arranges freight and insurance) Marine insurance policies where the insurer wants to cover the full risk until delivery Customs valuation (duty is often calculated on CIF value) High-value shipments where freight cost is significant How CIF is calculated (step-by-step example) Let us see how CIF value is calculated with real numbers. Step 1: Start with invoice value Example: You are exporting textile machinery. Invoice value = \u20b910,00,000 Step 2: Add Ocean freight Freight from Mundra to Lagos = \u20b91,50,000 Total so far = \u20b911,50,000 Step 3: Add marine insurance premium Insurance is usually charged as a percentage of CIF value. But since we do not know CIF yet, we use a formula: CIF = (Invoice value + Freight) \/ (1 \u2013 Insurance rate) Suppose insurance rate = 0.5% (0.005) CIF = (10,00,000 + 1,50,000) \/ (1 \u2013 0.005) CIF = 11,50,000 \/ 0.995 CIF = \u20b911,55,778 (rounded off) Insurance premium = CIF \u2013 (Invoice + Freight) = 11,55,778 \u2013 11,50,000 = \u20b95,778 So your CIF value is \u20b911.56 lakhs, while invoice value is only \u20b910 lakhs. If you insure only on invoice basis, you are underinsured by \u20b91.56 lakhs. Example 1 (Invoice value basis) \u2014 show numbers + explain impact Scenario: A Delhi-based exporter ships 500 cartons of readymade garments to New York. Invoice value = \u20b950,00,000 Freight prepaid = \u20b94,00,000 Insurance premium = \u20b96,000 (if insured on invoice value) The exporter decides to insure only on invoice value basis (\u20b950 lakhs) to save premium. Loss event: The ship catches fire. Goods worth \u20b930 lakhs are destroyed. The freight for the entire container was already paid \u20b94 lakhs. Claim calculation: Insurer pays: \u20b930 lakhs (proportional to loss) But freight paid is not recoverable separately The exporter also loses the freight component on the damaged goods: approx \u20b924,000 (proportionate) Impact: Exporter recovers \u20b930 lakhs but has effectively lost \u20b930.24 lakhs (goods + freight). Out-of-pocket loss\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/riskbirbal.com\/blogs\/invoice-value-vs-cif-value\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Riskbirbal Insurance Brokers Private Limited\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/riskbirbal\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-07-13T08:00:50+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@RiskBirbal\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@RiskBirbal\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"9 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/riskbirbal.com\\\/blogs\\\/invoice-value-vs-cif-value\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/riskbirbal.com\\\/blogs\\\/invoice-value-vs-cif-value\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"admin\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/riskbirbal.com\\\/blogs\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/eca5ab5640e8a4288f39f833c46c73c5\"},\"headline\":\"Invoice Value vs CIF Value: Choosing The Right Basis\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-07-13T08:00:50+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/riskbirbal.com\\\/blogs\\\/invoice-value-vs-cif-value\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":1788,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/riskbirbal.com\\\/blogs\\\/#organization\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/riskbirbal.com\\\/blogs\\\/invoice-value-vs-cif-value\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/riskbirbal.com\\\/blogs\\\/invoice-value-vs-cif-value\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/riskbirbal.com\\\/blogs\\\/invoice-value-vs-cif-value\\\/\",\"name\":\"Invoice Value vs CIF Value: Choosing The Right Basis - 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Riskbirbal Insurance Brokers Private Limited","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/riskbirbal.com\/blogs\/invoice-value-vs-cif-value\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Invoice Value vs CIF Value: Choosing The Right Basis - Riskbirbal Insurance Brokers Private Limited","og_description":"Imagine this: You have shipped a container of ceramic tiles from Morbi to a buyer in Nigeria. The goods are worth \u20b925 lakhs as per your invoice. But by the time the ship reaches the destination port, you have already spent another \u20b93 lakhs on freight and insurance. The ship faces rough weather, and water damages half the cargo. You file a claim with your marine insurer. Then comes the shocker. The insurer asks: “On what basis did you insure the goods\u2014invoice value or CIF value?” You had insured for \u20b925 lakhs (invoice value). But the loss at destination includes freight charges you already paid. Now you are short by nearly \u20b92 lakhs. You suffer a loss despite having insurance. This confusion between invoice value vs CIF value is one of the most common\u2014and costly\u2014mistakes made by Indian exporters, importers, and even logistics teams. Choosing the wrong basis can leave you underinsured or overpaying premiums. Let us break down both terms in simple words and help you decide which one is right for your shipment. What is Invoice Value? Invoice value is the price mentioned on your commercial invoice. It is the amount the buyer pays you for the goods. This is your sale price or the cost of goods sold. For an exporter, invoice value typically includes: Cost of raw materials Manufacturing or processing cost Packing cost (for export packing, if mentioned) Profit margin Any internal taxes (though GST is zero-rated on exports) For an importer, invoice value is the amount the foreign supplier charges for the goods. It does not include freight, insurance, or other charges incurred after the goods leave the seller’s factory. What invoice value excludes: Ocean freight or air freight Marine or transit insurance premium Customs duties and port handling charges Inland transportation to the port In short: Invoice value = cost of goods alone. What is CIF Value? CIF stands for Cost, Insurance, and Freight. CIF value is the total value of the shipment until it reaches the destination port. It includes everything: the cost of goods, the ocean freight charges, and the insurance premium paid to cover the transit. If you are buying goods on CIF terms, the seller arranges and pays for freight and insurance up to the destination port. But even if you buy on FOB (Free on Board) terms, for insurance purposes, you may still need to calculate a “CIF value” to ensure full coverage. CIF value includes: Invoice value of the goods Freight charges (from exporter’s port to importer’s port) Marine insurance premium (Sometimes) landing charges at destination, depending on policy CIF value does NOT include: Customs duty at destination Inland transport after the port GST or other local taxes Insurance companies often recommend CIF value as the sum insured because it covers your financial interest in the goods until they reach the buyer’s doorstep (if you add inland transit as well). Invoice value vs CIF value (quick comparison) Here is a simple comparison to see the difference at a glance: Parameter Invoice Value CIF Value Full form Price mentioned on commercial invoice Cost + Insurance + Freight What it includes Only the cost of goods Goods cost + freight + insurance What it excludes Freight, insurance, duties Customs duty, inland transport after port Who uses it Buyers, sellers for payment purpose Insurers, customs (for duty valuation) Risk coverage Covers goods value only Covers total expenditure till destination port Best for Inland transit, stock inventory International shipments, marine insurance Premium cost Lower premium (lower sum insured) Slightly higher premium (higher sum insured) Claim settlement You may get less than actual loss You recover full cost incurred Where each basis is commonly used Invoice value basis is used for: Inland transit insurance (truck, train, or courier within India) Warehouse-to-warehouse coverage where destination is within the same city Stock insurance (goods lying in factory or godown) Export shipments sold on Ex-Works or FCA terms, where buyer bears freight and insurance CIF value basis is used for: Import shipments (to cover the total cost until goods reach Indian port) Export shipments sold on CIF terms (where seller arranges freight and insurance) Marine insurance policies where the insurer wants to cover the full risk until delivery Customs valuation (duty is often calculated on CIF value) High-value shipments where freight cost is significant How CIF is calculated (step-by-step example) Let us see how CIF value is calculated with real numbers. Step 1: Start with invoice value Example: You are exporting textile machinery. Invoice value = \u20b910,00,000 Step 2: Add Ocean freight Freight from Mundra to Lagos = \u20b91,50,000 Total so far = \u20b911,50,000 Step 3: Add marine insurance premium Insurance is usually charged as a percentage of CIF value. But since we do not know CIF yet, we use a formula: CIF = (Invoice value + Freight) \/ (1 \u2013 Insurance rate) Suppose insurance rate = 0.5% (0.005) CIF = (10,00,000 + 1,50,000) \/ (1 \u2013 0.005) CIF = 11,50,000 \/ 0.995 CIF = \u20b911,55,778 (rounded off) Insurance premium = CIF \u2013 (Invoice + Freight) = 11,55,778 \u2013 11,50,000 = \u20b95,778 So your CIF value is \u20b911.56 lakhs, while invoice value is only \u20b910 lakhs. If you insure only on invoice basis, you are underinsured by \u20b91.56 lakhs. Example 1 (Invoice value basis) \u2014 show numbers + explain impact Scenario: A Delhi-based exporter ships 500 cartons of readymade garments to New York. Invoice value = \u20b950,00,000 Freight prepaid = \u20b94,00,000 Insurance premium = \u20b96,000 (if insured on invoice value) The exporter decides to insure only on invoice value basis (\u20b950 lakhs) to save premium. Loss event: The ship catches fire. Goods worth \u20b930 lakhs are destroyed. The freight for the entire container was already paid \u20b94 lakhs. Claim calculation: Insurer pays: \u20b930 lakhs (proportional to loss) But freight paid is not recoverable separately The exporter also loses the freight component on the damaged goods: approx \u20b924,000 (proportionate) Impact: Exporter recovers \u20b930 lakhs but has effectively lost \u20b930.24 lakhs (goods + freight). Out-of-pocket loss","og_url":"https:\/\/riskbirbal.com\/blogs\/invoice-value-vs-cif-value\/","og_site_name":"Riskbirbal Insurance Brokers Private Limited","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/riskbirbal\/","article_published_time":"2026-07-13T08:00:50+00:00","author":"admin","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@RiskBirbal","twitter_site":"@RiskBirbal","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"admin","Est. reading time":"9 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/riskbirbal.com\/blogs\/invoice-value-vs-cif-value\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/riskbirbal.com\/blogs\/invoice-value-vs-cif-value\/"},"author":{"name":"admin","@id":"https:\/\/riskbirbal.com\/blogs\/#\/schema\/person\/eca5ab5640e8a4288f39f833c46c73c5"},"headline":"Invoice Value vs CIF Value: Choosing The Right Basis","datePublished":"2026-07-13T08:00:50+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/riskbirbal.com\/blogs\/invoice-value-vs-cif-value\/"},"wordCount":1788,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/riskbirbal.com\/blogs\/#organization"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/riskbirbal.com\/blogs\/invoice-value-vs-cif-value\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/riskbirbal.com\/blogs\/invoice-value-vs-cif-value\/","url":"https:\/\/riskbirbal.com\/blogs\/invoice-value-vs-cif-value\/","name":"Invoice Value vs CIF Value: Choosing The Right Basis - Riskbirbal Insurance Brokers Private Limited","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/riskbirbal.com\/blogs\/#website"},"datePublished":"2026-07-13T08:00:50+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/riskbirbal.com\/blogs\/invoice-value-vs-cif-value\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/riskbirbal.com\/blogs\/invoice-value-vs-cif-value\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/riskbirbal.com\/blogs\/invoice-value-vs-cif-value\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/riskbirbal.com\/blogs\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Invoice Value vs CIF Value: Choosing The Right Basis"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/riskbirbal.com\/blogs\/#website","url":"https:\/\/riskbirbal.com\/blogs\/","name":"Riskbirbal Insurance Brokers Private Limited","description":"Outsmart Risk","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/riskbirbal.com\/blogs\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/riskbirbal.com\/blogs\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/riskbirbal.com\/blogs\/#organization","name":"Riskbirbal Insurance Brokers Private Limited","url":"https:\/\/riskbirbal.com\/blogs\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/riskbirbal.com\/blogs\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/riskbirbal.com\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/dark-risk-2.png?fit=1190%2C1190&ssl=1","contentUrl":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/riskbirbal.com\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/dark-risk-2.png?fit=1190%2C1190&ssl=1","width":1190,"height":1190,"caption":"Riskbirbal Insurance Brokers Private Limited"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/riskbirbal.com\/blogs\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/riskbirbal\/","https:\/\/x.com\/RiskBirbal","https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/riskbirbal\/?igshid=MzNlNGNkZWQ4Mg","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/riskbirbal-insurance-brokers\/","https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UCs7y-WI456pfJXXCSK_Rs_Q"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/riskbirbal.com\/blogs\/#\/schema\/person\/eca5ab5640e8a4288f39f833c46c73c5","name":"admin","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/781d63e9d61e02749c299b0b01620b96b25758315b4162fc1b308aa50d929e91?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/781d63e9d61e02749c299b0b01620b96b25758315b4162fc1b308aa50d929e91?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/781d63e9d61e02749c299b0b01620b96b25758315b4162fc1b308aa50d929e91?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"admin"},"sameAs":["http:\/\/localhost\/blogs"],"url":"https:\/\/riskbirbal.com\/blogs\/author\/admin\/"}]}},"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"rttpg_featured_image_url":null,"rttpg_author":{"display_name":"admin","author_link":"https:\/\/riskbirbal.com\/blogs\/author\/admin\/"},"rttpg_comment":0,"rttpg_category":"<a href=\"https:\/\/riskbirbal.com\/blogs\/category\/uncategorized\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Uncategorized<\/a>","rttpg_excerpt":"Imagine this: You have shipped a container of ceramic tiles from Morbi to a buyer in Nigeria. The goods are worth \u20b925 lakhs as per your invoice. But by the time the ship reaches the destination port, you have already spent another \u20b93 lakhs on freight and insurance. The ship faces rough weather, and water…","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/riskbirbal.com\/blogs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10770","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/riskbirbal.com\/blogs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/riskbirbal.com\/blogs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/riskbirbal.com\/blogs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/riskbirbal.com\/blogs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10770"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/riskbirbal.com\/blogs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10770\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10774,"href":"https:\/\/riskbirbal.com\/blogs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10770\/revisions\/10774"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/riskbirbal.com\/blogs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10770"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/riskbirbal.com\/blogs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10770"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/riskbirbal.com\/blogs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10770"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}